Less well understood than her sister Isis, Nephthys was no less important in Egyptian religion as confirmed by the work of E. Hornung[11] along with the work of several noted scholars. Nephthys is actually the Greek name – the ancient Egyptian name of the goddess is Neb-Het. goddess-of-nile-anukis Role of Nephthys in Osiris Myth. She was a companion of Set, and the sister of queen Isis. Despite having the same lofty origins as her brothers and sisters, Nephthys was only ever a supporting character in Egyptian mythology. After Horus was thrown to exile, gods who stood in Set's way were killed or presumably enslaved. Along with her sister Isis, Nephthys represented the temple pylon or trapezoidal tower gateway entrance to the temple which also displayed the flagstaff. Though her siblings developed cults of worship, Nephthys had no such cult. Hapi, one of the sons of Horus, guarded the embalmed lungs. Nephthys, or “Mistress of the House,” was the goddess of the air (since the sky is the “head” of the world) and the head of the family. She is associated with funeral rites, along with her sister Isis they were protectors of the mummy and Osiris. Nephthys ("Lady of the House") is a Goddess of death, night, and lamentation. Set (Former Husband)Osiris (Former Brother in Law)Horus (Former Nephew) Weight Nephthys assisted Isis in resurrecting Osiris, who had been murdered by Set. At the time of the Fifth Dynasty Pyramid Texts, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the Heliopolitan Ennead. According to Papyrus Wilbour,[21] another "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" seems to have existed to the north, in the town of Su, closer to the Fayyum region. Biographical information To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour. The Pyramid Texts refer to Isis as the "birth-mother" and to Nephthys as the "nursing-mother" of Horus. She is the sister of Isis and companion of the war-like deity, Set. [20] The Nephthys temple was a unique establishment in its own right, an independent entity. She is the sister of Isis and companion of the war-like deity, Set. She also sometimes represented Lower Egypt along with Ptah-Tanen. Nephthys was an ancient goddess, who was referenced in texts dating back to the Old Kingdom. He married his sister, Isis, and they ruled as king and queen. In the later period, Nephthys was linked with Anukis. She was also one of five children in her family. She seems to have been artificially created in apposition to Isis to be a second sister to the god Osiris and wife to his brother Set (Setekh). Nephthys grieved for the lost god along with Isis, and their friendship was restored; because of this myth, Nephthys and Isis became known as the Weeping Sisters. Nephthys is the goddess of protection and Set's former wife. She is part of the Heliopolitan Ennead. Anubis was a jackal and watched over the dead. Marital status Height Statuette of the Goddess Nephthys, Third Intermediate Period–Late Period, Dynasty 21–31 (about 1069–332 BC), Egyptian, Egypt, Bronze, 8.3 × 1.6 × 1.3 cm (3 1/4 × 5/8 × 1/2 in. The Papyrus Bologna records a complaint lodged by a prophet of the temple of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard. Nephthys Nephthys had a quite large family. Therefore, it should not be surprising that her cult images could likely be found as part of the divine entourage in temples at Kharga, Kellis, Deir el-Hagar, Koptos, Dendera, Philae, Sebennytos, Busiris, Shenhur, El Qa'la, Letopolis, Heliopolis, Abydos, Thebes, Dakleh Oasis, and indeed throughout Egypt. Nephthys Egyptian Goddess Statue Today’s visitor to Egypt can find numerous representations of Nephthys , but usually they are seen in … She was not paired with Set the villain, but with Set's other aspect, the benevolent figure who was the killer of Apophis. fourth child born to the god of the earth and the goddess of the sky "Nephthys and Seth: Anatomy of a Mythical Marriage", Paper presented at The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007. Egyptian Goddesses, like Nephthys, were always depicted as young, beautiful and healthy. Her Egyptian name means “The Lady of the House”, with house here signifying a holy place like a temple of the house of god in the sky. Salle des offrandes 1 à 112, Ancient Egyptian deities in popular culture § Nephthys, http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176897_index.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&oldid=994801546, Articles with incomplete citations from March 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 16:37. While certainly affiliated with the "House of Set", the Nephthys temple at Sepermeru and its apportioned lands (several acres) clearly were under administration distinct from the Set institution. Nephthys is the daughter of Geb (the god of the Earth) and Nut (the goddess of the sky). The origin of the goddess Nephthys is unclear but the literal translation of her name is usually given as "Lady of the House", which has caused some to mistakenly identify her with the notion of a "housewife" or as the primary lady who ruled a domestic household. Nephthys was most widely and usually worshiped in ancient Egypt as part of a consortium of temple deities. This fits well with more general textual themes that consider Nephthys to be a goddess whose unique domain was darkness or the perilous edges of the desert. Nephthys is the goddess of death, darkness, and the protector of souls. He notes his obvious administration of the "House of Set" and adds: "I am also responsible for the ship, and I am responsible likewise for the House of Nephthys, along with a heap of other temples. Nephthys is a consolatory deity who comforts and advises those left behind when someone passes on. Physical description The foundations of the Set and Nephthys temples at Sepermeru finally were discovered and identified in the 1980s and the Nephthys temple was a self-sustaining temple complex within the Set enclosure. Nephthys is regarded as the mother of the funerary deity Anubis (Inpu) in some myths. The basalt image originally was stationed at Medinet-Habu as part of the cultic celebration of the pharaonic "Sed-Festival", but was transferred at some point to Herakleopolis and the temple of Herishef. ISIS, Mistress of Magic. Nephthys and Set had Anubis, the lord and deity of the Underworld. Nephthys was the sister of Isis and Osiris, and the sister/wife of Seth. She is often depicted riding in the funeral boat accompanying the dead into the Blessed Land. It is Nephthys who assists Isis in gathering and mourning the dismembered portions of the body of Osiris after his murder by the envious Set. Pyramid Text Utterance 222 line 21… From the Tomb of Nefertari in the Valley of the Queens. [citation needed]. [3][4] Alternatively Anubis appears as the son of Bastet[5] or Isis. I' Sanctuaire central. The Ramesside pharaohs were particularly devoted to Set's prerogatives and, in the 19th Dynasty, a temple of Nephthys called the "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" was built or refurbished in the town of Sepermeru, midway between Oxyrhynchos and Herakleopolis, on the outskirts of the Fayyum and quite near to the modern site of Deshasheh. An ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the Papyrus Westcar recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, Meskhenet, and Heqet as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of Amun-Re as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune. Isis was one of the most famous goddesses of ancient Egypt.Isis was,,sister of Nephthys,wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. [7] Though other goddesses could assume this role, Nephthys was most usually portrayed in this function. Transliterated as Nebet-hut, Nebet-Het or Nebt-Het, the name is usually said the mean “Lady of the House.” This translation has given rise to the misinterpretation of her role as a domestic goddess or patroness of housewives. Nephthys was known in some ancient Egyptian temple theologies and cosmologies as the "Helpful Goddess" or the "Excellent Goddess". As sister of Isis and especially Osiris, Nephthys is a protective goddess who symbolizes the death experience, just as Isis represented the (re-)birth experience. Nephthys was also considered a festive deity whose rites could mandate the liberal consumption of beer. back to menu ↑ Nephthys as a Guardian of the Dead. At the time of the Fifth Dynasty Pyramid Texts, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the Heliopolitan Ennead. Diospolis Parva), the chief city of Nome VII. [16] These "Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys" were ritual elements of many such Osirian rites in major ancient Egyptian cult centers. Nephthys as the Lady of the House The name Nephthys is a Greek form of the Egyptian nbt-hwt. There, Nephthys was the primary protectress of the resident Osirian relic, of the Bennu Bird, and of the local Horus/Osiris manifestation, the god Neferhotep.[25]. [24], Nephthys was considered the unique protectress of the Bennu bird. Unknown. In various reliefs at Edfu, Dendera, and Behbeit, Nephthys is depicted receiving lavish beer offerings from the pharaoh which she would "return" using her power as a beer goddess "that [the pharaoh] may have joy with no hangover". She married her brother Seth and had a son named Anubis. Here, as Papyrus Wilbour notes in its wealth of taxation records and land assessments, the temple of Nephthys was a specific foundation by Ramesses II, located in close proximity to (or within) the precinct of the enclosure of Set. In this role, Nephthys was given the name "Nephthys-Kheresket" and a wealth of temple texts from Edfu, Dendera, Philae, Kom Ombo, El Qa'la, Esna, and others corroborate the late identification of Nephthys as the supreme goddess of Upper Egyptian Nome VII, where another shrine existed in honor of the Bennu. The ‘Osiris Myth’ was considered one of the most remarkable and influential mythologies in ancient Egypt. The cult-image's inscription originally pertained to "Nephthys, Foremost of the Sed [Festival] in the Booth of Annals" (at Medinet-Habu), but was re-inscribed or re-dedicated to "Nephthys, Foremost of the [Booths of] Herakleopolis". He is voiced and motion captured by Goran D. Kleut. As one of… As in Pyramid Text 217, Nephthys is paired with Set, a God of dark moods and dark reputation and associated with Upper Egypt, while Isis is paired with the benevolent God Osiris and connected to Lower Egypt. Another temple of Nephthys seems to have existed in the town of Punodjem. Ascend and descend; ascend with Isis, rise with the Day-bark." Nephthys 'Lady of the Mansion' Appearance: Woman with headdress showing her name in hieroglyphs. This role may have stemmed from an early association in her native Heliopolis which was renowned for its "House of the Bennu" temple. Nephthys was the goddess of mourning in the Ancient Egyptian religion. … Throughout Egyptian mythology, Nephthys was always the counterpart to Seth. Nephthys also was the goddess of the "Mansion of the Sistrum" in Hwt-Sekhem (Gr. Nephthys was also the mother of … Her following is referenced in texts that date back as far as the Old Kingdom. She is a very ancient goddess, first found in Old Kingdom writings. Anubis is a God and Lord of the dead in the film Gods of Egypt. Together, the two sisters represented the “wailing women” that were an integral part of the Egyptian funerary rites.7 Gods of Egypt Wikia is a FANDOM Movies Community. Later Seth murdered and dismembered Osiris. Nephthys is the Greek form of the name of the Egyptian goddess Nebtho. According to the Pyramid Texts, Nephthys, along with Isis, was a force before whom demons trembled in fear and whose magical spells were necessary for navigating the various levels of Duat, as the region of the afterlife was termed. Osiris was the son of Geb, the god of the Earth, and Nut, the sky goddess. Nephthys No cult is attested for her there, though she certainly figured as a goddess of great importance in the annual rites conducted, wherein two chosen females or priestesses played the roles of Isis and Nephthys and performed the elaborate "Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys". This title, which may be more of an epithet describing her function than a given name, probably indicates the association of Nephthys with one particular temple or some specific aspect of the Egyptian temple ritual. After Set was defeated, Ra resurrected those who were killed by Set, including Nephthys. Nephthys is the goddess of protection and Set's former wife. Nephthys could also appear as one of the goddesses who assists at childbirth. Sanctuaire nord. Nephthys was clearly viewed as a morbid-but-crucial force of heavenly transition, i.e., the pharaoh becomes strong for his journey to the afterlife through the intervention of Isis and Nephthys. Nephthys had a quite large family. A member of the Great Ennead of Heliopolis in Egyptian mythology, she was a daughter of Nut and Geb. The god Khnum standing between the twin goddesses Isis and Nephthys. Egyptian Gods: Nephthys. 6, 46; C. Traunecker, Le temple d'El-Qal'a. Nephthys was the daughter of the sky goddess, Nut, and the earth god, Geb. She was a friend and protector of the dead. She is a daughter of Nut and Geb and wife of Set. She was associated with mourning, the night/darkness, service (specifically temples), childbirth, the dead, protection, magic, health, embalming, and beer. Elsewhere at Edfu, for example, Nephthys is a goddess who gives the pharaoh power to see "that which is hidden by moonlight". Nephthys was a guardian and protector of the deceased. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites[1] because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. Nephthys is the daughter of Nut, sister of Isis and wife of Seth, the god of disorder.Her loyalties, however, lay with Osiris, by whom she had a child, Anubis.When Seth found out who the father was, he murdered Osiris, and Nephthys joined Isis in the search for Osiris's body. Set confronted Nephthys who tried using her wings to fly away but Set grabbed on to Nephthys' wing and threw her to the ground. After making an introductory appeal to "Re-Horakhte, Set, and Nephthys" for the ultimate resolution of this issue by the royal Vizier, the prophet (named Pra'emhab) laments his workload. [2] These late ancient Egyptian temple texts describe a goddess who represented divine assistance and protective guardianship. In contrast, Nephthys is sometimes featured as a rather ferocious and dangerous divinity, capable of incinerating the enemies of the pharaoh with her fiery breath. This entrance way symbolized the horizon or akhet. God Set cut off her wings and presumably killed her. Gods of Egypt is a 2016 fantasy action film directed by Alex Proyas based on the ancient Egyptian deities.It stars Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Gerard Butler, Brenton Thwaites, Chadwick Boseman, Élodie Yung, Courtney Eaton, Rufus Sewell and Geoffrey Rush.The film portrays a mortal Egyptian hero who partners with the Egyptian god Horus to save the world from Set and rescue his love. Set (Former Husband) https://gods-of-egypt.fandom.com/wiki/Nephthys?oldid=541. Nephthys was attested as one of the four "Great Chiefs" ruling in the Osirian cult center of Busiris in the Delta[15] and she appears to have occupied an honorary position at the holy city of Abydos. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. ), Reimagined by Gibon, design of warm cheerful glowing of brightness and light rays radiance. In this role, Nephthys was given the name "Nephthys-Kheresket" and a wealth of temple texts from Edfu, Dendera, Philae, Kom Ombo, El Qa'la, Esna, and others corroborate the late identification of Nephthys as the supreme goddess of Upper Egyptian Nome VII, where another shrine existed in honor of the Bennu. She therefore featured in many death ceremonies and rituals. Species In the funerary role, Nephthys often was depicted as a kite or as a woman with falcon wings, usually outstretched as a symbol of protection. The same divine power could be applied later to all of the dead, who were advised to consider Nephthys a necessary companion. Nephthys Nephthys was one of the original five gods of ancient Egypt born of the union of Geb (earth) and Nut (sky) after the creation of the world. Though it commonly has been assumed that Nephthys was married to Set and they have a son Anubis, recent Egyptological research has called this into question. In texts of the period of the Old Kingdom (c. 2613 - c. 2181 BCE) she is referenced with Set as the two gods who protect the barge of the sun god Ra (Atum) as it passes through the night sky. She argues that the later evidence suggests that: while Nephthys's marriage to Set was a part of Egyptian mythology, it was not a part of the myth of the murder and resurrection of Osiris. As of 1489 DR, Mulhorand was led by the returned pantheon, who temporarily set their differences aside for the good of the Mulho… "[22], As "Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun", the goddess and her shrines were under the particular endorsement of Ramesses II. Nephthys was the Egyptian god of divine assistance, and is closely associated with death and mourning the dead. Levai, Jessica. She is the sister of Osiris, and Isis. Long before the Osiris myth became popular, Nepthys was already a very significant goddess, however. She is not exactly the personification of death, but she is the closest thing to it in Egyptian belief. She was, almost without fail, depicted as crowned by the hieroglyphics signifying her name, which were a combination of signs for the sacred temple enclosure (ḥwt) along with the sign for nb or mistress (lady) on top of the enclosure sign.[13]. Nephthys, as the active creative power which protected Osiris, the Moon-god, was called Menkhet, and in allusion to her beneficent acts in connection with him the names of Benra-merit and Kherseket were bestowed upon her; and the former appears to belong to the goddess when she made herself manifest under the form of a cat. She was also the goddess of night, rivers, sleep and nature too. 19th Dynasty (1292-1186 BCE). Nephthys was important in ancient Egyptian culture because the afterlife was highly valued in ancient Egypt. In this capacity, it is easy to see how Nephthys could be associated with death and putrefaction in the Pyramid Texts. The evil serpent Apophis tried every night to murder the sun god but Nephthys and Set fought the creature off so the sun could rise the next morning. Nephthys ( /ˈnɛpθɨs/ or /ˈnɛfθɨs/) is a member of the Great Ennead of Heliopolis in Egyptian mythology, a daughter of Nut and Geb. As a mortuary goddess like Isis, Neith, and Serqet, Nephthys was one of the protectresses of the canopic jars of Hapi. Nephthys was considered the unique protectress of the Bennu bird. Goddes of Protection Nephthys was a protective goddess of the dead. Nephthys also serves as the nursemaid and watchful guardian of the infant Horus. Aliases Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites[1] because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. [23], There can be little doubt that a cult of Nephthys existed in the temple and great town of Herakleopolis, north of Sepermeru. 6, 46 n.d. Traunecker, Karnak VII, 184 n. 2; Cauville, 'Essai,' 152 n.7, James P. Allen, Peter Der Manuelian, 'The Pyramid Texts' SBL, 2005. She is depicted with crown hieroglyph representing a house, usually with a basket, and sometimes she is represented by the hawk. She is the sister and wife of Set and the mother of Anubis. Their brother Set was the god of the desert and storms. Wow, she sure had a few jobs on her hands. Nephthys or Nebet-Het in ancient Egyptian (Greek: Νέφθυς) was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion. She was, however, a common figure on amulets made during the Late Period (664–332BCE).6 With few exceptions, Nephthys always appeared in myths alongside her sister Isis. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. In the tomb of Tuthmosis III, Nephthys is said to be the Lady of the Bed of Life, by which was meant the embalming table. She plays practically no part outside the myth of Osiris. Nephthys thus conceived her son, the jackal-headed god Anubis. This is a pervasive error repeated in many commentaries concerning this deity. This was the aspect of Set worshiped in the western oases during the Roman period, where he is depicted with Nephthys as co-ruler.[14]. She also gives support to the souls of the dead as they embark on their journey to the afterlife. 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